Exception to the rule of consent to treatment

Which of the following cannot be considered as an exception to direct informed consent?
A. Waiver
B. Detention under mental health act
C. Emergencies where full information cannot be given
D. Incompetent patient
E. Passively compliant patient

Comments

Valeed Ahmed The answer is E, passive compliance is not an exception, rather an implied consent is.

The situations in which explicit consent is not required are :

Implied consent given
Necessity (harm likely, competency doubted)
Emergency