Situations in which explicit consent is not required

One of these cannot be considered as an exception to direct informed consent? 

• A. Waiver 


• B. Detention under mental health act 


• C. Emergencies where full information cannot be given 


• D. Incompetent patient 


• E. Passively compliant patient

The answer is E, passive compliance is not an exception, rather an implied consent is. 

The situations in which explicit consent is not required are : 

• Implied consent given


• Necessity (harm likely, competency doubted)


• Emergency