Factors Associated with Risk of Repetition of Attempted Suicide Previous Attempt: Individuals who have previously attempted suicide are at a higher risk of repeating the attempt. This is because past attempts may indicate a higher level of psychological distress and a greater likelihood of attempting suicide again in the future. Personality Disorder: People with personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder, are also at an increased risk of repeating attempted suicide. These disorders can cause significant emotional instability, impulsivity, and difficulty regulating emotions, which can contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Criminal Record: Those with a criminal record are at a higher risk of repeating attempted suicide. This may be due to a history of substance abuse, impulsivity, and aggression, which can increase the risk of suicidal behavior. History of Violence: Individuals with a history of violence are also at an increased risk of repeating attempte

Drugs used to Treat Antipsychotic-Induced Weight-Gain (Mnemonic) The following mnemonic is for the drugs used to treat antipsychotic-induced weight gain. The list is not based on priority; however, metformin is the preferred choice, especially when there is comorbid polycystic ovary disease. Orlistat, with calorie restriction, is also an effective choice. FORMAT-B F luoxetine  Orlistat Reboxetine Metformin, methylcellulose, melatonin Topiramate Bupropion 

Preferred Choices for the Treatment of Bipolar Depression in Children The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry, 14th Edition, enlists lurasidone, olanzapine and quetiapine as the preferred choices of treatment for bipolar depression in Children. Mnemonic: LOQ Lurasidone  Olanzapine Quetiapine  See the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry for further details. 

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome  Manifestations MNEMONIC FEVER Fever Encephalopathy Vitals Unstable Enzymes Rigidity of Muscles Treatment Dantrolene D2 agonists (e.g., bromocriptine).

Mnemonic for Types of Stress Here is a silly but worthwhile mnemonic to remember the major types of stress  Change  of pressure created the conflict , which frustrated everyone.

ROSIDA R     R eligion O     O rderliness S     S ex I      I llness D    D irt and contamination  A    A ggression

GB-PTV G ingko Biloba B enzodiazepines P ropranolol T etrabenazine V itamine E

Tourette Syndrome Clinical features >> Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Multiple vocal and motor tics  Starting before the age of 18 and  Persisting for a duration of at least one year We have excluded other causes of tics. LOSE Learning difficulties  Overactivity  Social problems  Emotional disturbances Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines (13th Edition)  They recommend  alpha-2 agonists  such as Clonidine or Guanfacine as the first-line pharmacological treatment for Tics and Tourette Syndrome  American Family Physicians and Canadian Guidelines Antipsychotics possess a variety of serious adverse effects (Pringsheim et al., 2012) and even though the evidence base for them is strong, we use them in cases not responding to alpha-2 agonists. References Taylor, D. (2018). The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines. The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines.  Kenney, C., Kuo, S.-H., & Jimenez-Shahed, J. (2008). Tourette’s syndro

Impairment of learning, abstraction, memory, and problem-solving occur in patients with multiple sclerosis. These impairments are present in 40% of patients with multiple sclerosis in the community. Sometimes, it is an early manifestation.  Mostly the impairments are seen later in the course. The impairments are mild and progress slowly.  Well-practiced verbal skills are often preserved.  Cognitive impairment correlates with total lesion load and degree of callosal atrophy on brain imaging.  LAMP L earning A bstraction M emory P roblem-solving

DAILE D detached A aloof I introspective  L lacking enjoyment  E emotionally cold 

"P ardon DJ H ell, you are P roducing GAS that is AFFE Cting A ll the F earful TEDS, C o ST ing them M aDness"  P erceptual: D istorted perceptions, D eja Vu J amais Vu H allucinations  P sychomotor G rimacing and other body movements  A utomatisms S tereotyped behaviors A ffective F ear and anxiety E uphoric or ecstatic states A utonomic and visceral  F lushing T achycrdia  E pigastric aura D izziness Other bodily S ensations C ognitive S peech disturbances T hought disturbances M emory disturbances D epersonalization, d erealization 

What are the components and principles of management of schizophrenia ?  Answer: MENOMONIC -> CONFIATE CBT , c ognitive remediation, c lozapine, c risis resolution teams. O utreach teams  N eeds assessment  F amily intervention I ntegrated treatment for comorbid substance abuse A ntipsychotics T herapeutic realtionship  E arly intervention 

DAMP It Directness and honestly, decisions are shared. Shared activities   Mutual help  Permissiveness   Informality

Long-term Consequences of Maternal Deprivation Mnemonic PAID The Mnemonic PAID can help memorise and recall the longterm effects of maternal deprivation as described in the theory of attachment (Bowlby) Psychopathy (affectionless) Aggression (increased) Intelligence (being low) Depression, delinquency 

WAMB White noise Aroma therapy Music therapy, Massage Bright light therapy

The patient should ACU Agree  Be competent   Have clear and full understanding of the situation 

Offer to discuss the concerns and name the involved persons of the family Offer information about medications before prescription  Discuss the information actively  The information should include the name , mechanism, effects and side effects of the medication Involve the patient in decisions Recognise and address the concerns of the patient as treatment progresses For schizophrenic patients, social and family support be ensured

I ACE I mpulsive A ntisocial  C old E gocentric 

PEN Psychoticism Extroversion Neuroticism

More PADS Mood disorders, (chronic) Medical conditions especially epilepsy Personality Disorder Alcohol abuse Drug  abuse (other), DSH past history Schizophrenia * DSH deliberate self harm