ICD-11 Criteria for Developmental Learning Disorder (6A03)
Developmental learning disorder is
characterised by significant and persistent difficulties in learning academic
skills, which may include reading, writing, or arithmetic. The individual’s
performance in the affected academic skill(s) is markedly below what would be
expected for chronological age and general level of intellectual functioning,
and results in significant impairment in the individual’s academic or
occupational functioning. Developmental learning disorder first manifests when
academic skills are taught during the early school years. Developmental
learning disorder is not due to a disorder of intellectual development, sensory
impairment (vision or hearing), neurological or motor disorder, lack of
availability of education, lack of proficiency in the language of academic
instruction, or psychosocial adversity.
Exclusions:
- Symbolic dysfunctions (MB4B)
6A03.0 Developmental learning disorder with impairment in reading
Developmental learning disorder
with impairment in reading is characterised by significant and persistent
difficulties in learning academic skills related to reading, such as word
reading accuracy, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. The individual’s
performance in reading is markedly below what would be expected for chronological
age and level of intellectual functioning and results in significant impairment
in the individual’s academic or occupational functioning. Developmental
learning disorder with impairment in reading is not due to a disorder of
intellectual development, sensory impairment (vision or hearing), neurological
disorder, lack of availability of education, lack of proficiency in the
language of academic instruction, or psychosocial adversity.
Exclusions:
- Disorders of intellectual development (6A00)
6A03.1 Developmental learning disorder with impairment in written expression
Developmental learning disorder
with impairment in written expression is characterised by significant and
persistent difficulties in learning academic skills related to writing, such as
spelling accuracy, grammar and punctuation accuracy, and organisation and
coherence of ideas in writing. The individual’s performance in written
expression is markedly below what would be expected for chronological age and
level of intellectual functioning and results in significant impairment in the
individual’s academic or occupational functioning. Developmental learning
disorder with impairment in written expression is not due to a disorder of
intellectual development, sensory impairment (vision or hearing), a neurological
or motor disorder, lack of availability of education, lack of proficiency in
the language of academic instruction, or psychosocial adversity.
Exclusions:
Disorders of intellectual development (6A00)
6A03.2 Developmental learning disorder with impairment in mathematics
Developmental learning disorder
with impairment in mathematics is characterised by significant and persistent
difficulties in learning academic skills related to mathematics or arithmetic,
such as number sense, memorization of number facts, accurate calculation,
fluent calculation, and accurate mathematic reasoning. The individual’s
performance in mathematics or arithmetic is markedly below what would be
expected for chronological or developmental age and level of intellectual functioning
and results in significant impairment in the individual’s academic or
occupational functioning. Developmental learning disorder with impairment in
mathematics is not due to a disorder of intellectual development, sensory
impairment (vision or hearing), a neurological disorder, lack of availability
of education, lack of proficiency in the language of academic instruction, or
psychosocial adversity.
Exclusions:
- Disorders of intellectual development (6A00)
6A03.3 Developmental learning disorder with other specified impairment of learning
Developmental learning disorder
with other specified impairment of learning is characterised by significant and
persistent difficulties in learning academic skills other than reading,
mathematics, and written expression. The individual’s performance in the
relevant academic skill is markedly below what would be expected for
chronological age and level of intellectual functioning and results in
significant impairment in the individual’s academic or occupational
functioning. Developmental learning disorder with other specified impairment of
learning is not due to a disorder of intellectual development, sensory
impairment (vision or hearing), neurological disorder, lack of availability of
education, lack of proficiency in the language of academic instruction, or
psychosocial adversity.
Exclusions:
- Disorders of intellectual development (6A00)
6A03.Z Developmental
learning disorder, unspecified
REFERENCE:
International Classification of Diseases Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. License: CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/
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