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ICD-11 Criteria for Disorders Due to Use of Caffeine (6C48 )

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ICD-11 Criteria for Disorders Due to Use of Caffeine (6C48 )

Disorders due to use of caffeine are characterised by the pattern and consequences of caffeine use. Caffeine is a mild psychostimulant and diuretic that is found in the beans of the coffee plant (Coffea species) and is a constituent of coffee, cola drinks, chocolate, a range of proprietary 'energy drinks' and weight-loss aids. It is the most commonly used psychoactive substance worldwide and several clinical conditions related to its use are described, although severe disorders are comparatively rare considering its ubiquity. Caffeine Intoxication related to consumption of relatively higher doses (i.e., > 1 g per day) is described. Caffeine Withdrawal is common upon cessation of use among individuals who have used caffeine for a prolonged period or in large amounts. Caffeine-Induced Anxiety Disorder has been described, often following intoxication or heavy use.

Exclusions:

  • Disorders due to use of stimulants including amphetamines, methamphetamine or methcathinone (6C46)
  • Hazardous use of caffeine (QE11.5)

6C48.0     Episode of Harmful Use of Caffeine

An episode of caffeine use that has caused damage to a person’s physical or mental health. Harm to health of the individual occurs due to one or more of the following: (1) direct or secondary toxic effects on body organs and systems; or (2) a harmful route of administration. This diagnosis should not be made if the harm is attributed to a known pattern of caffeine use.

Exclusions:

  • Harmful pattern of use of caffeine (6C48.1)

6C48.1     Harmful Pattern of Use of Caffeine

A pattern of caffeine use that has caused clinically significant harm to a person’s physical or mental health or in which caffeine-induced behaviour has caused clinically significant harm to the health of other people. The pattern of caffeine use is evident over a period of at least 12 months if use is episodic and at least one month if use is continuous (i.e., daily or almost daily). Harm may be caused by the intoxicating effects of caffeine, the direct or secondary toxic effects on body organs and systems, or a harmful route of administration.

Exclusions:

  • Episode of harmful use of caffeine (6C48.0)

6C48.10     Harmful pattern of use of caffeine, episodic

A pattern of episodic or intermittent caffeine use that has caused damage to a person’s physical or mental health. The pattern of episodic caffeine use is evident over a period of at least 12 months. Harm to health of the individual occurs due to one or more of the following: (1) direct or secondary toxic effects on body organs and systems; or (2) a harmful route of administration.

Exclusions:

  • Episode of harmful use of caffeine (6C48.0)

6C48.11    Harmful Pattern of use of Caffeine, Continuous

A pattern of continuous (daily or almost daily) caffeine use that has caused damage to a person’s physical or mental health. The pattern of continuous caffeine use is evident over a period of at least one month. Harm to health of the individual occurs due to one or more of the following: (1) direct or secondary toxic effects on body organs and systems; or (2) a harmful route of administration.

Exclusions: 

  • Episode of harmful use of caffeine (6C48.0)

6C48.1Z      Harmful Pattern of use of Caffeine, Unspecified

6C48.2     Caffeine Intoxication

Caffeine intoxication is a clinically significant transient condition that develops during or shortly after the consumption of caffeine that is characterised by disturbances in consciousness, cognition, perception, affect, behaviour, or coordination. These disturbances are caused by the known pharmacological effects of caffeine and their intensity is closely related to the amount of caffeine consumed. They are time-limited and abate as caffeine is cleared from the body. Presenting features may include restlessness, anxiety, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, tachycardia, diuresis, gastrointestinal disturbances, muscle twitching, psychomotor agitation, perspiration or chills, and nausea or vomiting. Cardiac arrhythmias may occur. Disturbances typical of intoxication tend to occur at relatively higher doses (e.g., > 1 g per day). Very high doses of caffeine (e.g., > 5 g) can result in respiratory distress or seizures and can be fatal.

Coding Note:     Code aslo the causing condition

6C48.3     Caffeine Withdrawal

Caffeine withdrawal is a clinically significant cluster of symptoms, behaviours and/or physiological features, varying in degree of severity and duration, that occurs upon cessation or reduction of use of caffeine (typically in the form of coffee, caffeinated drinks, or as an ingredient in certain over-the-counter medications) in individuals who have used caffeine for a prolonged period or in large amounts. Presenting features of Caffeine withdrawal may include headache, marked fatigue or drowsiness, irritability, depressed or dysphoric mood, nausea or vomiting, and difficulty concentrating.

Coding Note:     Code aslo the causing condition

6C48.4      Certain Specified Caffeine-Induced Mental or Behavioural Disorders

Coding Note:     Code aslo the causing condition

6C48.40     Caffeine-Induced Anxiety Disorder

Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder is characterised by anxiety symptoms (e.g., apprehension or worry, fear, physiological symptoms of excessive autonomic arousal, avoidance behaviour) that develop during or soon after intoxication with or withdrawal from caffeine. The intensity or duration of the symptoms is substantially in excess of anxiety symptoms that are characteristic of Caffeine intoxication or Caffeine withdrawal. The amount and duration of caffeine use must be capable of producing anxiety symptoms. The symptoms are not better explained by a primary mental disorder (e.g., an Anxiety and fear-related disorder, a Depressive disorder with prominent anxiety symptoms), as might be the case if the anxiety symptoms preceded the onset of the caffeine use, if the symptoms persist for a substantial period of time after cessation of the caffeine use or withdrawal, or if there is other evidence of a pre-existing primary mental disorder with anxiety symptoms (e.g., a history of prior episodes not associated with caffeine use).

Coding Note:     Code aslo the causing condition

6C48.Y       Other Specified Disorders Due to use of Caffeine
6C48.Z       Disorders Due to use of Caffeine, Unspecified

REFERENCE:

International Classification of Diseases Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. License: CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/


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