Fastest growth of IQ of down syndrome occur at the age of a) First six months b) 6 months to 1 year c) 1 to 2 years Correct Answer: 6 month to 1 year

Inflammation on Contrast enhanced CT appears White Black Comment: Sarmad Mushtaq;   Black Correct Answer: Contrast agents enter areas of inflammation or tumors well. more quantity of contrast agent means more quantity of radiation being absorbed, which in turn make areas of inflammation bright appearing on CT scan.

Which MRI pulses create images similar to CT T1 T2 Correct Answer: T1 images is the correct answer. T1 pulses are brief and the data is collected for brief amount of time. Areas with high hydrogen in hydrophillic environment appear Dark. e.g. CSF. Fat tissue on the other hand appear dark. T1 is also the only MRI technology that can be enhanced by contrast agent Gadolinium.

What is the difference between flight of ideas and pressure of thoughts.  C o mments: Abbas Sepah; This usually is used in the same context but I think Flight of ideas is related with abnormality of thoughts while the other is abnormality of speech Sanam Munir; flight of ideas as seen in mania.. there is a continuous stream of thoughts or ideas going from one to another.. while pressure of thoughts I believe is that the person can not say everything thy want to..  Correct answer:   Pressure of thoughts is considered a disorder of stream of thoughts. Ideas passing through the mind quickly and in abundance. If the patient speaks them as they come, it is then known as pressure of speech. Flight of ideas is considered a disorder of form of thought. The basic error is that patient is jumping from topic to topic, which are connected to each other.

SATH S-> sulpiride  A-> amisulpiride   T-> trifluperazine   H-> haloperidol  

ROSIDA R     R eligion O     O rderliness S     S ex I      I llness D    D irt and contamination  A    A ggression

The following are the models of breaking bad news SPIKES P-SPIKES SAD NEWS BREAKS ABCDE PEWTER Kays Model

GB-PTV G ingko Biloba B enzodiazepines P ropranolol T etrabenazine V itamine E

Tourette Syndrome Clinical features >> Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Multiple vocal and motor tics  Starting before the age of 18 and  Persisting for a duration of at least one year We have excluded other causes of tics. LOSE Learning difficulties  Overactivity  Social problems  Emotional disturbances Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines (13th Edition)  They recommend  alpha-2 agonists  such as Clonidine or Guanfacine as the first-line pharmacological treatment for Tics and Tourette Syndrome  American Family Physicians and Canadian Guidelines Antipsychotics possess a variety of serious adverse effects (Pringsheim et al., 2012) and even though the evidence base for them is strong, we use them in cases not responding to alpha-2 agonists. References Taylor, D. (2018). The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines. The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines.  Kenney, C., Kuo, S.-H., & Jimenez-Shahed, J. (2008). Tourette’s syndro

Impairment of learning, abstraction, memory, and problem-solving occur in patients with multiple sclerosis. These impairments are present in 40% of patients with multiple sclerosis in the community. Sometimes, it is an early manifestation.  Mostly the impairments are seen later in the course. The impairments are mild and progress slowly.  Well-practiced verbal skills are often preserved.  Cognitive impairment correlates with total lesion load and degree of callosal atrophy on brain imaging.  LAMP L earning A bstraction M emory P roblem-solving