Stupor Definition Stupor is defined as a lack of psychomotor activity that may range from not actively relating to the environment to complete immobility. Stupor represents a higher level of consciousness compared to coma, in which there is a complete lack of consciousness as the patients do not respond to painful stimuli. Causes In psychiatry, a stupor may occur in the context of depression, mania or dissociative disorder, respectively known as a depressive stupor, manic stupor or dissociative stupor. It may also be a part of catatonia. Depressive stupor Manic Stupor Dissociative stupor Stupor in catatonia A plethora of medical conditions can cause catatonia and stupor. (Reviewed by: Serra-Mestres et. al, 2018) Subarachnoid hemorrhages, Basal ganglia disorders Non‐convulsive status epilepticus Locked‐in and akinetic mutism states Endocrine and metabolic disorders, e.g. Wilson’s disease, hypoxia Down syndrome, Infections, Dementia Drug toxicity and withdrawal states, even clozapine

Stockholm syndrome The Stockholm syndrome is a psychological response is sometimes seen in a hostage, in which the hostage exhibits loyalty to the hostage-taker, despite the danger (or at least risk) in which the hostage has been placed. Stockholm syndrome is also sometimes discussed in reference to other situations with similar tensions, such as battered person syndrome , child abuse cases , and bride kidnapping . Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Somnolence Drowsiness A state of near-sleep a powerful desire for sleep or sleeping for unusually long periods. It has two distinct meanings, referring to both the usual state preceding falling asleep and the chronic condition that involves being in that state independent of a circadian rhythm. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Somatic hallucinations Hallucinations involve the perception of physical experience localized within the body such as feelings of electricity. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Sleep terrors Recurrent episodes of abrupt Terror arousal from sleep usually occur during the first third of a major sleep episode and begin with a panicky scream. There are intense fear and signs of autonomic arousal such as mydriasis tachycardia rapid breathing and sweating during each episode. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Sleep onset REM The occurrence of rapid eye movement phase asleep within minutes of falling asleep . Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Shenjing shuairuo Mandarin for the weakness of the nervous system. It is a cultural syndrome that integrates conceptual categories of traditional Chinese medicine with the Western diagnosis of neurasthenia. It is defined as a syndrome composed of three out of five non-hierarchical symptom clusters. These are weak emotions excitement nervous pain and sleep. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

  Schizophasia Schizophasia commonly referred to as word salad , is confused, and often repetitious, language that is symptomatic of various mental illnesses . Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Schnauzkrampf A schnauzkrampf is a grimace resembling pouting sometimes observed in catatonic individuals. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Scanning speech Scanning speech is ataxic dysarthria in which syllable durations are equalized. It is characteristic of the dysarthria of multiple sclerosis . Together with nystagmus and intention tremor, it forms Charcot's triad 1 . Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.