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Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): Brief Description and Interpretation

Brief Description and Interpretation of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test  Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was developed by the WHO; the total number of items is 10. The maximum score of each item is 4. The minimum is 0, so the total score is 10x4=40, and the minimum is 0. Item 0 to 8 has a scoring of 0,1,2,3,4 i.e. five anchors while item 8 and nine has 3 anchors each with scoring of 0,2,4. It is used to assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviours, and alcohol-related problems. It is most suited for primary care physicians and shows good sensitivity and specificity. If the score is above 8. Download the AUDIT

Neologisms: Definition in Psychiatry and Psychology

Neologisms: Definition in Psychiatry and Psychology  Neologisms are senseless words or phrases whose roots are unknown (e.g., klipno for watch) and are associated with aphasia or schizophrenia. Correctly built words with comprehensible roots (e.g., headshoe for hat) are often referred to as neologisms, although they are more accurately referred to as word approximations.

Negativism: Definition in Psychiatry and Psychology

Negativism: Definition in Psychiatry and Psychology  Opposition to suggestions or advice and attempts to move the subject results in the subject doing the exact opposite of what people ask of them. Behaviour that is contrary to what is appropriate in a situation or against the wishes of others, including direct opposition to attempts to move. Negativism is often a symptom of catatonia, leading to rigidity (catatonic). It differs slightly from gegenhalten, in which the person resists movement but does not make the opposite movement. 

Achromatopsia: Definition

Achromatopsia Achromatopsia refers to agnosia for colour. This term includes colour blindness. A partial or total absence of colour vision is the hallmark of achromatopsia. People with complete achromatopsia cannot perceive any colours; they see only black, white, and shades of grey. Incomplete achromatopsia is milder; it allows some colour discrimination. Other vision difficulties associated with achromatopsia include increased sensitivity to light and glare (photophobia), involuntary back-and-forth eye movements (nystagmus), and severely decreased visual acuity.  Farsightedness (hyperopia) or, less typically, nearsightedness (myopia) might affect those who are affected (myopia). During the first several months of life, these eyesight issues first appear. Achromatopsia differs from the more common forms of colour vision deficiency (also called colour blindness). People can perceive colour but have difficulty distinguishing between certain colours, such as red and green. 

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Criteria

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Criteria Waleed Ahmad Published online by MRCPsych UK: Tuesday, 03 May 2022 Introduction There is a loss of skills in several areas of development and deficits in social, communicative, and behavioural functioning that follow normal development in this condition. Often the condition follows a prodromic period during which children develop obscure symptoms; they become restive, irritable, anxious, and overactive. Impoverishment follows this and then loss of speech and language, accompanied by behavioural disintegration. Sometimes the loss of skills is persistently progressive (especially if there is an underlying progressive neurological condition), but more often, the decline over some months and then a slight improvement. The prognosis is usually abysmal, and it leaves most individuals with severe intellectual disability. There is uncertainty about the extent to which this condition differs from autism. Sometimes, th