Patient refuses consent to medical treatment. The doctor must now confirm two things. One is patient's competence and the other is ?  Outcome of the condition without treatment  Age of the patient Voluntary nature of the decision   Answer: 3, the steps are : Check competence of the patient  Ensure that the patient is not under the influence of relatives but rather has made a voluntary decision Check the patient's concenrs and understanding of the situation Explain everything once again If still refuse, it is there right to do so. 

Seek to re-establish the consent Offer additional help Do not threaten to reduce help

Autonomous authorization of a medical intervention by individual patients 

The patient should ACU Agree  Be competent   Have clear and full understanding of the situation 

An adult patient is severely depressed refuses get treated for HCV infection. How should this patient be dealt with ?  First treat depression and then for HCV Treat for HCV and depression without consent Obtain a court order to treat for both The answer is 1, Here are the steps:  Step 1 treat the psychiatric condition Step 2 treat the medical condition If psychiatric condition can not be treated, consider legal action e.g. Court order or consent from relative

MAL Mental disorder Age being young Learning disability

One of these cannot be considered as an exception to direct informed consent?  A. Waiver  B. Detention under mental health act  C. Emergencies where full information cannot be given  D. Incompetent patient  E. Passively compliant patient The answer is E, passive compliance is not an exception, rather an implied consent is.  The situations in which explicit consent is not required are :  Implied consent given Necessity (harm likely, competency doubted) Emergency