Polysomnography Asleep study. It is a multi-parametric test used in the study of sleep as a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine it monitors many body functions including brain functions through electroencephalography eye movements through electrooculography skeletal muscle activation through electromyography in the heart Rhythm through electrocardiography. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Posturing Spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture Against Gravity. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Pressured Speech Pressured speech refers to the speech, usually of a patient with a mania which is abnormally accelerated, making the speech of the individual difficult to follow. It is often loud and emphatic. It represents the pressure of thought in which ideas arise in abundance. It is related to the flight of ideas , but in which the individual jumps from one idea to the next before the train of thought is complete. Likewise, it does not necessarily cause the individual to jump to irrelevant topics, as in the ' loosening of association .' The pressure of speech is a disorder of the stream of thought; the problem is in the speech, while loosening of association and flight of ideas are disorders of the form of thought ; the individual jumps from topic to topic. The pressure of speech is also an example of cluttered speech .

Piblokto Piblokto, Pibloktoq, or Arctic hysteria is a condition exclusively appearing in Inuit societies living within the Arctic Circle. Appearing most prevalently in winter, it is considered to be a form of a culture-specific disorder. Symptoms can include intense " hysteria " (including screaming and uncontrolled wild behavior), depression, coprophagia , and insensitivity to extreme cold. This condition is most often seen in Inuit women. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Pfropfschizophrenie This refers to schizophrenia in people with mild learning disabilities. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Personality functioning Cognitive models of self and others that shape patterns of emotional and affiliative engagement. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

  Personality Enduring patterns of perceiving relating to and thinking about the environment and oneself. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Perseveration This term refers to the uncontrollable repetition of a particular response, such as a word, phrase, or gesture, despite the absence or cessation of the original stimulus. Persistence at tasks or in a way of doing things long after the behavior has ceased to be functional or effective. Continuation of the same behavior despite repeated failures or obvious reasons for stopping. Usually, it is seen in organic disorders of the brain, head injury, delirium, or dementia, however, can be seen in schizophrenia as well.   Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Persecutory delusions False beliefs where the central theme is that one is being attacked harassed cheated persecuted or conspired against. Beliefs may also centre around someone to whom one is close. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Paraschemazia Paraschemazia is characterized by a distortion of body image. Hallucinogenic drugs can cause it such as LSD and mescalin , epileptic auras, and sometimes migraines. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Parasomnias Disorders of sleep involve abnormal behaviors or physiological events occurring during sleep or sleep-wake transitions. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Pareidolia In pareidolia, a vague or random stimulus is mistakenly perceived as recognizable. A common example is perceiving the image of a face in clouds. Pareidolia is a type of illusion and hence called pareidolic illusion. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Paraprosopia A delusion in which a person believes they have seen a face transform into a grotesque form–often described as a 'monster', 'vampire', 'werewolf' or similar. This is very rare and most likely to be described by people suffering from schizophrenia. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Parapraxis A Freudian slip, or parapraxis, is an error in speech, memory or physical action that is believed to be caused by the unconscious mind. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Paranoid Ideations Paranoid ideations refer to the unfounded and persistent beliefs that one is being targeted or persecuted by others. These beliefs can be exaggerated and cause significant distress and anxiety, interfering with an individual's ability to function in daily life. Research studies have shown that paranoid ideations are a common symptom of several psychiatric and neurological conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dementia. For example, a study published in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease found that individuals with paranoid ideations were more likely to have a diagnosis of schizophrenia than those without these beliefs (Compton et al., 2009). Paranoid ideations can also be caused by substance abuse, past traumatic experiences, or other factors. A study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research found that childhood maltreatment was associated with an increased risk of paranoid ideations in adulthood (Stern et al., 2012). According t

Palilalia Palilalia is characterized by the repetition of a word or phrase; i.e., the subject continues to repeat a word or phrase after once having said. It is a perseveratory phenomenon. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Palinacousis Palinacousis refers to a phenomenon in which the subject continues to listen to a word, a syllable or any sound, even after the withdrawal of stimulus. It is a type of Perseveration . Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Palinopsia In palinopsia a visual image persists after the stimulus has gone (like an afterimage seen after looking into a bright light). Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

  Opisthotonos posture A posture in which the back is rigid, and arching and the head is bent backward. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Overvalued idea Overvalued ideas are exaggerated beliefs that a person sustains beyond reason but are not as unbelievable and are not as persistently held as delusions . Preoccupation with a spouse's possible infidelity can be an overvalued idea if no evidence exists to arouse suspicion. Body dysmorphic disorder 's obsessive preoccupation that some aspect of one's appearance is severely flawed is another example of an overvalued idea. An overvalued idea is something between an obsession and a delusion. A delusion is a firm belief held on inadequate grounds that can not be explained by the person's religious, cultural or educational background. It is unshakeable and can not be modified with arguments or logic. For example, someone might say that their bowels are rotten, so they should not be eating, and nothing would change their belief. Overvalued Idea compared with delusion and obsession An overvalued idea is like a delusion, except that it is somewhat logical and in