Classical Psychopathology (Positive and Negative Symptoms)

As expected, almost all of the studies reported on this aspect with a usage of the rating scales. The PANSS (30-item—7 for positive, 7 for negative and 16 for general psychopathology subscales) has been by far the most frequently utilized scale for this purpose. It was followed by the BPRS (typically 18-item version), which outnumbered the PANSS in 1999, and was sometimes extracted from the PANSS (as 18-item version).

The next common scale was the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms: SANS7 (20 symptom items plus five global items) and the scale for the assessment of positive symptoms: SAPS8 (30 symptom items plus four global items). They were rated altogether at times (9 of 150 studies). Sometimes, the SANS was assessed together with the PANSS (8 of 150 studies).

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