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Development in the first year of life summarised

Development in the first year of life summarised Smiling starts at 3 weeks.  Selective smiling starts at 6 months.  Fear of strangers starts at 8 months, while separation anxiety starts later to that.  At the end of the first year, children also learn a few simple words like mama, dada, etc.  Weaning starts at around 6 months and should have completed by the end of the year.  An ordered sleep-wake cycle has also got established, Children learn to point at objects in the first year of life.

Types of Personality Disorder

It is classified into three clusters as: Suspicious: which include Antisocial Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal Emotional and impulsive: Borderline Histrionic Narcissitic Anxious: Avoidant Dependent Obsessive compulsive Another way to classify them is Mad, Bad and Sad respectively for the suspicious, impulsive and anxious clusters. Remember there are no clusters in ICD11 anymore, The individual personality disorders have been eliminated from ICD11.

The Gene associated with antisocial behaviour

Criminal behavior, lack of guilt, and irritability are typical features of antisocial personality disorder. Evidence suggests that a low-activity variant of the MAO-A gene predisposes to adult antisocial behavior in men, especially in those who faced early adversity 1–4 . Catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme metabolizes dopamine and other monoamines. Its gene, the COMT-gene, occurs in two forms: a high-activity form and a low-activity form. They associate these variants with differential abilities of the prefrontal cortex, especially working memory. People with low-activity form may have a more efficient prefrontal cortex, likely because of the greater dopamine level in the synaptic space 5,6 . We have associated serotonin transporter gene variants with neuroticism and a predisposition to depression. The variants may also influence individual response to SSRIs8. APOE4 gene is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (compared to APOE2 and APOE3).
 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS PAKISTAN 27th February 2019 MCPS UBJECT: PSYCHIATRY ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (TOTAL QUESTIONS: 10) USE SEPARATE ANSWER BOOK FOR EACH QUESTION PAPER: TIME ALLOWED 3 HOURS 2.4 A young unmarried male of 25-year was diagnosed as a case of schizophrenia. There is family history of psychiatric illness in the family. He developed the disease acutely with prominent positive features. He taq responded to treatment within two months and was well supported by his family, however, his family is still very cautious, inquisitive and worried excessively as the patient has adopted a lonely lifestyle. a) What are the factors ointing towards good and bad prognosis in this patient? b) What are the characteristic features of "high expressed emotions family?stilette 1481 ellipse, c) What family interventions can be done in patients with schizophrenia? CHA Q.5 A 31-year-old male presents with history of episodes of sudden onset of palpitation, trembling of body and fea