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Morphine paradoxically prolongs neuropathic pain in rats by amplifying spinal NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Opioid use for pain management has dramatically increased, with little assessment of potential pathophysiological consequences for the primary pain condition. Here, a short course of morphine, starting 10 d after injury in male rats, paradoxically and remarkably doubled the duration of chronic constriction injury (CCI)-allodynia, months after morphine ceased. No such effect of opioids on neuropathic pain has previously been reported. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we discovered that the initiation and maintenance of this multimonth prolongation of neuropathic pain was mediated by a previously unidentified mechanism for spinal cord and pain-namely, morphine-induced spinal NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and associated release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). As spinal dorsal horn microglia expressed this signaling platform, these cells were selectively inhibited in vivo after transfection with a novel Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DR

Report- Clinico-pathological Conference on Liaison Psychiatry

The Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, World Health Organization Collaboration Centre, organised a Clinico-Pathological Conference (CPC), on the theme of Liaison Psychiatry, at the New Teaching Block, Rawalpindi Medical College, on the 27th of July 2016. The CPC sought to appraise the medical students, psychologists, and various physicians and surgeons in attendance, about the intricate relationship between the various disciplines of health care. The proceedings ensued, with Dr Yousaf Raza reciting from the Holy Qur’an and welcoming the attendees on behalf of the Institute. He introduced the audience to the layout of the presentations and the theme at hand. Dr Sundus Fatima, Academic Registrar at the Institute, then took the stage to present the first case history. She gave a detailed history of a 13-year-old girl who developed psychiatric complications as part of post-encephalitic sequelae; depressive and dissociative symptoms. In addition, she also had pica. She’d had

Most Common Cause of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

Most Common Cause of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness What is the most common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness? Sleep deprivation Narcolepsy Drug effects Depression Comments: If u mean "Jet lag" from sleep deprivation, then the common cause is narcolepsy. It really depends on age. In children the most common cause is nightmares, in young people it can both be a psychiatric disorder or a manifestation of their daytime routine, in middle age and elderly it is mostly Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Correct Answer:  Sleep deprivation

Alcoholics may have impaired performance on cognitive tasks:

Alcoholics may have impaired performance on cognitive tasks especially (name the cognitive domain) ?   Comments: Salma Sultan; Euphoria Abbas Sepah; Memory Samra Kyinat; Attention n concentration,perception Sheikh Anzi; Executive functioning planning reasoning decision making judgment all associated with pre frontal lobe Correct Answer: executive functioning is the correct answer.

Parents with Low intelligence has higher risk of abusing their child:

Parents with low intelligence have a higher risk of abusing their child? True or false Comments: Afshan Malik; True,,,,it also depends on families background and culture...families with upper class can also abuse their children... Mehdi Intisar; False it more relay on environmental circumstances Abbas Sepah; True but a few of them has proved to be very caring if social support is present otherwise your statement is True Correct Answer: Ok yes it true. Please note that risk factor is just a risk factor. It does CAUSE ANYTHING. it increases the chance, just that