Scanning speech Scanning speech is ataxic dysarthria in which syllable durations are equalized. It is characteristic of the dysarthria of multiple sclerosis . Together with nystagmus and intention tremor, it forms Charcot's triad 1 . Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Sensitiver beziehungswahn Sensitiver beziehungswahn is an alternate term for ideas of reference. In this the person thinks as if people are talking about him or observing him or a talk is going on about him on television or radio. Seen in social phobia , depression , delusional disorder and in schizophrenia where they are often present up to a delusional extent. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Seasonality Effect The seasonality effect in schizophrenia refers to the observation that the symptoms of schizophrenia appear to follow a seasonal pattern, with an increased incidence of relapse or exacerbation of symptoms during specific times of the year, such as winter. One study that investigated the seasonality effect in schizophrenia found that hospital admission rates for patients with schizophrenia were highest in the winter months and lowest in the summer months (Weiser et al., 2005). Another study found similar results, with a higher frequency of psychosis relapses in winter compared to summer months (Kilbane et al., 1996). Additionally, research has suggested that low levels of sunlight, which is more common in winter months, may play a role in the seasonal variation of symptoms in schizophrenia. For example, a study showed that exposure to bright light therapy was associated with a decrease in the severity of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia (Levine et al., 1998).

Rumination disorder Repeated regurgitation of food over at least one month. Regurgitating food may be rechewed swallowed or spit out but there is no evidence of an associated gastrointestinal or other medical condition that is sufficient to account for it.   Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Rigid perfectionism The excessive constraint of impulses risks avoidance hyper responsibility hyper perfectionism and rigid rule-governed behavior. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Reticent Disposed to be silent or not speak freely. Reserved reluctant or restrained. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Retardation Mental retardation is a term used when a person has certain limitations in mental functioning and in skills such as communicating, taking care of him or herself, and social skills. In Children: These limitations will cause a child to learn and develop more slowly than a typical child does . Children with mental retardation may take longer to learn to speak, walk and take care of their personal needs, such as dressing or eating. They are likely to have trouble learning in school. They will learn, but it will take them longer. There may be some things they cannot learn. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Putative Assumed. Supposed. Presumed. Generally considered or reputed to be. Rapid Cycling bipolar A condition characterized by the presence of at least 4 more episodes and the previous 12 months that meet the criteria for a manic, hypomanic or major depressive episode. They demarcate the episodes either by partial or full remission and have at least 2 months 4X switch to an episode of the opposite polarity. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Restricted affectivity Mild reduction in range and intensity of emotional expression. Little reaction to emotionally arousing situations constricted emotional experience and expression of indifference and aloofness in normally engaging situations. It is a facet of the broad personality trait domain detachment. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Residual phase The period after an episode of schizophrenia that has partially or completely remitted but in which some symptoms May remain and symptoms such as listlessness problems concentrating and withdrawal from social activities may be predominant. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Reflex hallucination Reflex hallucinations occur when true sensory input in one sense leads to the production of a hallucination in another sense, e.g. seeing a doctor writing (visual) and then feeling him writing across one's stomach (tactile). Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Reduplicative paramnesia Reduplicative paramnesia is a delusional misidentification syndrome in which one's surroundings are believed to exist in more than one physical location. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Reduplicative hallucination In reduplicative hallucinations, there is the perception of seeing a double. Kinds of reduplicative hallucination include autoscopy , heautoscopy and out-of-body experiences . Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Rabbit syndrome This syndrome is characterized by rapid rhythmic movements of lips so that it resembles a rabbit chewing. It is a type of dystonic reaction. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Rapid eye movement A behavioral sign of the phase of sleep during which the sleeper is likely to be experiencing a dream-like mental activity. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

  Psychopathology Psychopathology is a term which refers to either the study of mental illness or mental distress or to the manifestation of behaviours and experiences which may be indicative of mental illness or psychological impairment. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Psychological pillow Where the individual holds their head a few centimetres above the bed. No explanation is offered for this. It is a symptom of catatonia and can last for many hours. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Pseudologia fantastica Pseudologia fantastica is a condition in which a person grossly exaggerates their symptoms or even tells a lie about their symptoms in order to get medical attention. Seen in malingering and Munchausen syndrome . Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Pseudocyesis A false belief of being pregnant that is associated with objective signs reported symptoms of pregnancy. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.

Poverty of ideas Often associated with schizophrenia , dementia , and severe depression poverty of ideas is a thought disturbance in which thought spontaneity and productivity are reduced and are seen in the speech that is vague, has many simple or meaningless repetitions, or is full of stereotyped phrases. Copyright Notice Adapted from Wikipedia. Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 ; additional terms may apply.